Prevalence of Invasive Plant Species, Its Effects on Biodiversity Conservation, Challenges and Opportunities for Management in Africa: A Review

Abstract

Invasive alien plant species are identified as plants that have been purposefully or unintentio-nally introduced to areas outside of their natural habitat. Invasive Plant Species (IPSs) are one of the biggest risks to ecosystem function and world biodiversity. In Africa, invasive plant species are a source of concern, as they can displace native flora and fauna, alter ecosystem structure and function, and threaten the livelihoods of millions of people who rely on natural resources for their survival. Conservation is essential to preserve Africa's unique biodiversity and guarantee the sustainable use of its natural resources. An analysis of the various literature is necessary to understand the presence of invasive plant species in Africa, their effects on conservation efforts, and to identify relevant information gaps. Wer eviewed 113 articles pub- lished from 2000 to 2023 covering the invasiveness of plants in different African countries, their effects, and ways to manage and conserve biodiversity. IPSs
once established can spread rapidly and outcompete native plant species, leading to
significant changes in the composition and structure of ecosystems. Different methods have
been employed in the management and control of IPSs, which include the use of chemicals,
mechanical and biological control. This paper reviewed the challenges and opportunities in
managing invasive species in Africa and came up with recommendations and calls to action
for effective management and control of invasive species. Preventing the introduction of new
and potentially invasive taxa is a critical component of any IPSs management approach. A
large number of African countries lack policies and regulations to prevent and control IPSs,
this is a call for immediate action to be taken. Utilization of IPSs is also highly recommended
for African countries that are yet to participate in this process, this could be a turning point in
the struggle for control and management of IPSs.