Sturcture, characterization and computation of 1,1'-dibenzyl-[4,4'-bipyridine]-1,1'-diium nitrate

Abstract

1,1'-Dibenzyl-[4,4'-bipyridine]-1,1'-diium nitrate [named benzyl viologen (BV) dianions]’s structure analysis reveals it crystallized in the monoclinic system with a P2₁/c space group, and each pyrdine N atom fused on a benzyl group and the N atom become a positive monovalent cation, the counter nitrate cations are lie at the two sides of the structure. In the crystal lattice, there are C-H···O hydrogen bonds and the π···π stacking interactions. The weak C–H∙∙∙O hydrogen bond interactions demonstrated in the d_e surface and d_norm-surface of the Hirshfeld surface analysis. The IR spectrum were tested. The NMR spectra reveal the structure is accordance with the crystal structure. The computed molecular orbitals shown the HOMO electron cloud is mainly located at the benzene ring. The AIM analysis shows that the ρ_BCP and ∇²ρ_BCP value is calculated for the C–H···O hydrogen bond interactions, and the interaction belongs to the typical closed-shell interactions. The molecular docking study shows the lowest binding energy is -5.28 kcal/mol, the interaction between BV and Lys dominated by hydrophobic interactions.

KEY WORDS: Benzyl viologen, Hirshfeld surface analysis, AIM, Molecular docking

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(5), 987-1000.                                                           

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i5.13