Evaluation of the greenness profiles of indirect spectrophotometric methods for estimation of gemifloxacin mesylate in pure and dosage forms utilizing N-bromosuccinimide as a green reagent

Abstract

A validated, sensitive, user-friendly, precise, and dependable spectrophotometric technique has been developed to accurately detect the concentration of gemifloxacin mesylate in pure and dosage forms. The methods utilize N-bromosuccinimide as an eco-friendly oxidizing agent in acidic circumstances. The residual N-bromosuccinimide is measured by subjecting it to a chemical reaction with preset amounts of dyes, amaranth, methylene blue, and indigocarmine and the absorbance is measured at λ_max of 520, 664 and 610 nm, respectively. The analytical technique was implemented and validated by thoroughly examining and optimizing various factors that could potentially disrupt the reaction. Significant linear relationships, characterized by correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9993 to 0.9996, were observed under optimal conditions. These associations remained consistent throughout concentration ranges of 1.0-18, 1.0-14, and 1.0-20 µg/mL. The limits of detection (LOD) of 0.30, 0.29, and 0.30 µg/mL for amaranth, methylene blue, and indigocarmine methods, respectively. The accuracy and precision of the approaches' have been evaluated. No significant interference was observed with the usual pill excipients. In addition, the environmental impact of the suggested processes was assessed using three evaluation tools specifically designed to measure environmental friendliness: the Analytical Greenness Metric, the Green Analytical Procedure Index and Analytical Eco-Scale.

KEY WORDS: Gemifloxacin mesylate, N-bromosuccinimide, Spectrophotometry, Method validation, Dosage forms, Greenness assessment tools.

Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(2), 227-242.                                                                

DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i2.4