Comparative studies on the ameliorative effect of Musa paradisiaca leaves and peals extracts on cyclophosphamide-induced hepato-renal toxicity in mice

Abstract

Chemotherapeutic agents, cyclophosphamide (CTX) is accompanied by severe adverse effects on multi-vital organs. Leaves and peels of Musa trees showed promising biomedical applications. The study aims to assess the ameliorative effects of Musa leaves (MLE) and Musa peels (MPE) extracts on the hepatorenal dysfunctions caused by CTX in mice. The acute median lethal dose (LD₅₀) was determined using forty mice (CD-1). Other forty male CD-1 mice were divided into four groups (n=10) as follows: Group1 (Gp1) had injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 200 µl of sterile saline. Gp2 had injected i.p. with a single dose of CTX as 200 mg/kg b.wt. Gp3 and Gp4 were injected with CTX as in Gp2 then injected with 1/20 LD₅₀ of MLE (175 mg/kg) or MPE (170 mg/kg) daily, respectively. Fifty percent (50%) of mice in all groups were sacrificed after 15 days of treatments, and the rest of mice were sacrificed by day 30. All groups were bled at days 3, 9, 15, 23 and 30 to determine the hematological changes. Biochemical parameters, liver, and kidney histological changes were assessed at days 15 and 30 of treatment. The LD₅₀ of MLE and MPE were 3500 and 3400 mg/kg, respectively. CTX injection led to a significant decrease in white blood cells (WBCs) count starting from day 3 to day 12 (leucopenic phase), increased liver enzymes (AST and ALT) activities, induced liver, and kidney histological alterations. Treatment with MLE post CTX partially restored the total WBCs count in the leucopenic phase. Further, MLE treatment improved the biochemical and histopathological changes as evidenced by restoring liver, kidney functions and improving their histological architectures in CTX-injected mice. Collectively, MLE treatment could protect the hepato-renal tissues from toxicities which were induced by CTX.