The intensity of malaria transmisson and efficacy of Alphacypermethrin as an indoor residual insecticide against malaria vectors in Kadawa, Kano

Abstract

Malaria is currently affecting more people in the World than any other disease and no single measure of control through the use of drugs seems effective. Malaria is said to kill one African (Whether child or adult every 15 second) and roughly 300,000 Nigerian children annually. A crossectional study was carried out to assess the impact of alphacy phermethrin as an indoor residual insecticide against malaria vectors and transmission in Kadawa irrigation area, Kano. A total of 1897 mosquitoes were collected indoors using WHO standard techniques in the selected areas between December 2010 and June 2011. Specimens were identified using morphological keys and PCR-based assays. ELISA tests were used to detect P. falciparum sporozoite infection. Of the 1897 Anopheles mosquitoes collected, An. funestus group, the predominant vector species, represented 63.6% while An. gambiae s.l. has 18.5% while other anopheles and culicines 17.9%. The control group (Alphacyphermethrin treated group) catch 1332 (85.6%) predominated over the intervention group (Non-alpha cyphernethrin treated group) 224 (14.4%) with an extreme significant difference (P < 0.0001). The result of PCR based test identified 22% of the mosquitoes of the Anopheles gambiae complex collected as An. gambiae s.s., 96% and An. arabiensis as 4%.The overall sporozoite rates for An. funsetus and An. gambiae s.s. were statistically significant in both groups. Infection rates in both intervention and control group were also statistically significant. The result of the study showed that, the indoor residual spray of alphacyphermethrin has seen to have assisted in reduction of malaria transmission and malaria vectors in the study area from 15.9% in control group to 4.1% in intervention group and 78.8% in control group to 21.2% in intervention group respectively. 

Key words: Malaria; Alpha cyphermethrin; ELISA ; PCR.