Phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity of Garcinia kola seed extracts against pathogenic methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

The study was aimed to determine the phytochemical constituents and antibacterial activity of Garcinia kola seeds extracts against pathogenic Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Total of 54 Staphylococcus aureus isolates from infected wound and urine were collected from Abubakar Imam Urology Center in Kano State, Nigeria over a period of seven month (December, 2016 to July, 2017), out of which 5 methicillin resistant isolates were found and tested against the extracts. Phytochemical screening of the seeds extracts indicated the presence of Alkaloid, Tannin, Saponin, and Cardiac glycoside, Flavonoid, Terpenoid, Phenols, Anthraquinone and Steroid. However, reducing sugar is absent. The antibacterial activity of the extracts against the isolates showed that ethanol extract is more effective (with average zone of inhibition of 15.25mm) when compared to aqueous extract (14.37mm). The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of the extracts ranges from 12.5 – 100mg/ml of the extracts. Statistical analysis of the result showed that there is no significant different on the susceptibility of the organisms against the extracts. Findings from this work support the use of seed extracts from G. kola as medicinal plant.

Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Garcinia kola, Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, phytochemical