Incidence of foot and mouth disease outbreaks in Ilesha Baruba, Kwara State-Nigeria

Abstract

Sero-diagnostic assay using NS-Blocking ELISA kit (PRIOCHECKR) was conducted to ascertain the incidence of Bovine Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreaks in three Fulani camps located at Bode/ Babanne and Sinawu/Tumbunya wards in Ilesha baruba district of kwara state. This study identified 842 FMD infected cattle based on history and clinical sign from a total of 4,248 cattle. Randomly obtained sera from ninety blood samples collected across the herds were screened. This study revealed overall incidence of 18.9% with 19.8% morbidity and 0.92% mortality especially in calves. Sero-positivity amongst representative screened cattle showed 71.1% occurrence. However, demographic factors (age, breed and sex) indicated more young (54.7%) white Fulani (46.9%) cows (62.5%) were positive to FMD, although not significant (P>0.05) by chi square analysis. Outbreak re-occurrence within the three herds demonstrated characteristic absence of immunity between infections of FMD virus serotypes which enhances cattle susceptibility to another serotype while or having recovered from an existing infection due to another serotype. NSP-ELISA confirmed these infected cattle as non-vaccinated which have being exposed to infection <40> days especially amongst young white Fulani cows as observed. This reported incidence confirmed increasing FMD outbreaks as the serotypes responsible for this sero-positivity is needed to be ascertained if effective control effort is to be instituted.

Keywords: Incidence, FMD, outbreaks, Ilesha Baruba LGA