Albumin to creatinine ratio as a predictor to the severity of coronary artery disease

Abstract

Introduction: Microalbuminuria (MA) is a well-known risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). It is associated with higher cardiovascular mortality, especially in diabetics. However, there are few data linking angiographic severity of CAD to MA.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess the albumin to creatinine ratio as a new predictor for CAD and to correlate with its severity apart from other traditional CAD risk factors.

Methods: Our study included 100 patients with documented CAD by coronary angiography in Alexandria main university hospital. The severity of CAD was scored on the basis of the number and the extent of lesions within the coronary arteries by using Syntax score. Urine albumin excretion was measured for all patients in morning spot urine samples by immune precipitation technique. We correlate between MA and severity of CAD.

Results: In a total of 100 patients (74 males and 26 females), (mean age 55.71± 8.99 y) MA was present in 34 patients only. Patients were divided into two groups; group I included those without MA and group II with MA. CAD occurred more frequently in males than in females and in smokers than in non-smokers. There were no significant differences in the prevalence of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia between the two groups. A direct relationship between MA and extension of atherosclerotic coronary lesions was noticed (P = 0.009).

Conclusion: Patients with MA having more severe angiographic CAD were compared to those without MA. This relation is independent of other risk factors. MA could be utilized as an independent risk factor for CAD.

Keywords: Coronary artery disease (CAD); Microalbuminuria (MA); Albumin–creatinine ratio