Nigeria Gemstone: The Role of Geologists in the Value Chain

Abstract

Background: Gemstones (or gems) are a special class of non-metallic minerals that occur as well –formed crystals which are spectacular objects of beauty, valuable in their rarity, and sufficiently durable to give lasting pleasure to their owner.  They can be found in geological environment, including igneous, hydrothermal, metamorphic and/or sedimentary. They are associated with certain rock types and suites of minerals. Gemstones in cut and polished forms are used to make jewelry or other adornments. Mining of gemstones in Nigeria is an old practice. Nigeria is known for the availability of different gemstones including corundum, beryl, quartz and its varieties, tourmaline, garnet, aquamarine and topaz. Gemstones occur in most major geological environments, and each environment tends to have a unique suite of gem materials.  Objectives: The scope of this paper is to examine the role of geologists in the value chain of Nigerian Gemstones. Methods: The path of the value chain considered includes mineral scouting, exploration, exploitation, separation and sorting, washing, grading classification, beneficiation, jewelry mounting and finally end user marketing.  Results: The value chain is not without militating challenges like crude method of mining, inadequate geodata and insufficient capacity, lack of access to fund, outdated design and lack of international certified professionals. Conclusions: This study meant to resurrect the inestimable role of geologists in the gemstones’ value chain in Nigeria to enhance job creation, professionalism, generate revenue for the tiers of government and promote private sector linkages with major international mining organization.

Keywords: mining, gemstone, value chain, miner, artisanal and small-scale, jewelry