Immunohistochemical Analysis Of Human Papilloma Virus On Cervical Biopsy In Patients Attending Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano

Abstract

Background: Epidemiological study has shown that human papilloma virus infections play a major role in cervical pre-invasive and invasive lesions. Aim: Application of immunological methods can detect Human Papilloma Virus genetic material in almost 100% of the premalignant and malignant tissues of the uterine cervix. Materials and Methods: One hundred and twenty five blocks previously prepared cervical biopsy block from January, 2015 to December, 2015 were retrieved and re-evaluated to confirm the nature of specimen microscopically. Clinical data such as the age, sex and routine diagnosis were extracted from the record in the Histo- pathology Department of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano. Result: Statistically one hundred and twenty five blocks were identified and used for the study. Out of which, 32(25.6%) were age group 20-30 years, 32(25.6%) were 31-40 years, 29(23.2%) were 41-50 years and 32(25.6%) were 50 years and above. Relationship of age and different stages of dysplastic lesions shows women of 20-30 years have 2(6.3%) of inflammation, 1(3.1%) CIN1, 4(12.5%) CIN2, 0(0%) CIN3 and 25(78.1%) are cancer. Thirty one to fourty years were 0 (0%) inflammations, 5(15.6%) CIN1, 1(3.1%) CIN2, 3(9.4%) CIN3, 25(78.1%) were cancers. Fourty one to fifty years has 0 (0%) inflammations, 5(15.6%) CIN1, 1(3.1%) CIN1, 3(9.4%) CIN3, 23(71.9%) are cancers. Fifty one years and above were found to have no inflammation, CIN1, CIN2, and CIN3 while 32(100%) were cancers. This indicate that (p<0.01.) using Anova Statistical package. Conclusion: Immunological staining using P 16 can be used to differentiate High Risk Human Papilloma Virus from Low Risk Human Papilloma Virus in cervical lesions. P 16 antibody is found to be useful as a dysplasia associated antigen in differentiating High Risk Human Papilloma Virus from Low Risk Human Papilloma Virus.