A Descriptive Study of Patterns of Conjunctival Lesions in Jos, Nigeria: A 10-year Retrospective Study

Abstract

Background: Conjunctival lesions form the bulk of orbito-ocular pathologies and account for significant morbidity and mortality globally. The spectrum ranges from degenerative and inflammatory lesions to neoplasms which can be either benign or malignant. Malignant neoplasms have been shown to be the predominant class of conjunctival lesions in third world nations. Methods: This study reviewed all histologically diagnosed conjunctival lesions at the Jos University Teaching Hospital from January 2004 to December 2013. Results: Neoplasms were the dominant pathology observed, accounting for 76% of all lesions. Of the neoplasms, 77% were malignant, with squamous cell carcinoma the most frequent malignancy seen. Inflammatory lesions accounted for only 5.2% of all cases seen, while non-neoplastic, non-inflammatory lesions constituted 18.4%. A male predominance was observed for all lesions, while the peak age group for conjunctival pathologies was 30-39years [32.5%]. Conclusion: Malignant neoplasms are the commonest type of conjunctival lesions in Jos, North Central Nigeria. This is a reflection of the pattern of late presentation by affected persons at health facilities, as well as the combined effects of prolonged Ultraviolet irradiation and probably, chronic viral infections.