Pattern of Adult Renal Cell Carcinoma in Kano, Nigeria: A 16‑year Retrospective Review

Abstract

Background and Objective: Renal cell carcinomas(RCCs) are the most common histological types of adults’ renal cancer worldwide. Reviews on RCC distribution displayed predominant prevalence in the industrialized nations attributable to variations in vulnerability to environmental risks and genetic makeup. Nonetheless, the statistical conclusions of RCC in most sections of the Nigerian populace remain inadequate. This study aimed to evaluate the epidemiological pattern of the histologically confirmed renal cell carcinoma cases in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital (AKTH), Kano - Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a 16‑year retrospective review of the histologically confirmed RCC in AKTH, Kano, from January 2, 2001, to December 31, 2016. The data available during the period were collated and analyzed. Results: Twenty‑four cases of RCCs were histologically confirmed during the study. The patient’s ages ranged from 18 to 80 years, with a peak age in the sixth decade (50–59 years), and the male‑to‑female ratio of 2:1. Clear‑cell variant was the predominant histological type. The tumors were all of the high‑grade types, with 79% of patients having advanced disease. Conclusion: RCC is relatively rare in Kano. The precedence of high‑grade and advanced‑staged tumors in our review necessitates a search for better strategies that will enable early detection and prompt therapy.