Studies on the taxonomic characteristics of Cythula prostrata (L.) Blume (Amaranthaceae)

Abstract

Cythula prostrata (L.) Blume is used in tradomedicine for calming and treating heart palpitation, and as animal feeds in Nigeria. It is a potential vegetable for health needs. This report highlights the morphological and anatomical properties, and phytochemical analysis of C. prostrata which belongs to the family Amaranthaceae. It is an annual trailing to semi erect, severally branched weed attaining up to a height of 55 ± 35 cm. The samples were fixed in standard fixative (Formaldehyde Glacial Acetic acid Alcohol in the ratio of 1:1:18) and standard methods were used for the epidermal, anatomical and phytochemical properties. The results revealed presence of anomocytic stomata which are amphistomatic, numerous specs of calcium oxalate crystals in epidermal cells, glandular and uniseriate trichomes. Alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, Cardiac glycosides and steroids are observed present, except that flavonoid was absent in the crude extract but present in the ethanol extract. This information would assist in improving already existing knowledge of the plant.