Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) growth and tuber yield as influenced by plant spacing on sandy loam in humid tropical environment

Abstract

The choice of appropriate plant spacing that gives optimum  density of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) is crucial for its productivity, considering that plant density of cover crops affects above-ground access to sunlight, degree of soil surface cover, and below-ground tuberization. The influence of plant planting and the ensuing plant density on growth and tuber yield of sweet potato in a sandy-loam soil in southern Nigeria was assessed in the 2012 and 2013 growing seasons. The field trials involved five plant spacings namely 90 × 90, 60 × 90, 60 × 60, 30 × 90, and 30 cm × 60 cm; corresponding to plant densities of 1.23, 1.85, 2.78, 3.70 and 5.56 plants m–2, respectively. Data were collected on vine girth, number of leaves, leaf area, tuber weight plant–1 and tuber yield, as well as on weed dry matter. Closer plant spacings resulted in higher number of leaves m–2 and leaf area index (LAI). However, tuber weight plant–1 was highest with the second widest spacing (60 cm × 90 cm) and decreased with spacing. By contrast, tuber yield increased with spacing; the closest spacing (30 cm × 60 cm) gave the highest value (12.95 t ha–1) which, however, was similar to 10.55 t ha–1 due to the second closest spacing (30 cm × 90 cm) which, in turn, was similar to 60 cm × 60 cm (9.55 t ha–1) and 60 cm × 90 cm (8.89 t ha–1). Tuber yield correlated with number of leaves (r = 0.57*) and LAI (r = 0.54*), suggesting that the increases in these growth variables due to denser plant population translated into greater photosynthetic activity and translocation of assimilates to the tubers, which manifested as increased tuber yield. Spacing had no influence on weed dry matter. Sweet potato growers on well-drained sandy loam and similar soils in the humid tropics should consider adopting 60 cm × 90 cm with ‘intercropping’ to maximize space and resource use. Alternatively, they should space sweet potato 30 cm × 90 cm in sole production to achieve the desired density (3.70 plants m–2) for optimizing resource use and tuber yield.

Key words: leaf area index, number of leaves, tuber weight per plant, optimum tuber yield, sweet potato