Feed management as a paradigm for profitable poultry enterprise

Abstract

The purpose of this review is to provide information about feed management methods for poultry profitability. Generally, feed management in simple terms, is the management of nutrients for different stages of livestock production and purposes with no wastage and balanced diet feeding consideration. Restricted feeding gained momentum in growing birds for energy and protein intake maintenance. Phase feeding enhanced profit maximization concerning its application in conventional egg production. Alternative ingredients like industrial by-products, insects, earthworms and tree/shrub leave in feed formulation as being researched to reduce the human food/animal feed competition on grains and other important variable ingredients. Egg quality is improved by dietary manipulation to attract prime market prices. Improper feed management is consequential with poultry vices and physiological imbalances such as cannibalism, fatty liver and kidney syndrome (FLKS), fatty liver haemorrhagic syndrome (FLHS), cage layer atigue, bone break and salt poisoning which pose loss to the poultry farmer.