Evaluation of diagnostic value of otoscopy for otitis in dogs from selected states of south west Nigeria

Abstract

Otitis refers to inflammation of the ear canal, the middle ear or inner ear. The shape and conformation of the ear in dogs is a factor in the development of ear inflammation. Otoscopy is the diagnostic tool of choice for ear disease to be easily diagnosed in pets. Otitis in dogs may be much more prevalent in dogs than previously thought. This study seeks to determine the usefulness of otoscopy in diagnosis of otitis in dogs in southwestern Nigeria. A total of 207 dogs were sampled in different hospitals and clinics in three states of the south west of Nigeria; Oyo, Ogun and Lagos states from October till December 2021. Questionnaires to access demographic information of the dog and obtain the consent of the dog owners were administered. Data collection following assessment of each ear visually and by otoscopy was carried out. Age, sex and breed of dogs, and prevalence of otitis were determined. Zero to one year, male and Alsatian breed was most prevalent although not significant. Prevalence of otitis ranged from 2.22 and 2.22 % in Lagos, to 10.4 and 13.0 % in Ibadan and 14.1 and 10.6 % in Abeokuta for left and right ears respectively. Both ears were also more commonly affected. Otoscopy remains an invaluable tool as 84% of the diagnosed cases had no visual ear symptoms while only 12% of the positive cases were visually correctly diagnosed.