Determinants of patient’s adherence to hypertension medications: application of health belief model among rural patients

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is a major health problem in developing and developed countries, and its increasing epidemy is a serious warning to take more attention to this silent disease.
Aim: This study was aimed to determine the factors of adherence to hypertension medication based on health belief model (HBM).
Subjects and Methods: A cross‑sectional study was conducted in a rural area of the Ardabil city in 2013. This study was carried out using a pre‑structured and validated questionnaire. The questionnaire included information on demographic characteristics, lifestyle habits, HBM constructs and adherence to hypertension medication (Morisky 4‑Item Self‑Report Measure of Medication‑taking Behavior [Morisky Medication Adherence Scale]). Data were analyzed with the use of SPSS version 18. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Results: A total of 671 hypertensive patients participated in the study (169 were males and 502 were females). The prevalence of adherence was 24% (161/671)% in the study population. Respondents with regular physical activity and nonsmokers were more adherent to hypertension medication when compared to respondents with sedentary lifestyle and smoking (P < 0.01). Based on HBM constructs, the respondents who perceived high susceptibility, severity, benefit had better adherence compared to moderate and low susceptibility, severity, and benefit.
Conclusion: The prevalence of adherence to hypertension management was low in study population, this due to inadequate perceived susceptibility, perceived, severity, perceived benefit and poor lifestyle factors. Improving adherence in hypertension patients need to recognize the value and importance of patient perceptions medications.

Keywords: Adherence, Health belief model, Hypertension, Medication, Rural, Self‑efficacy