Examination Malpractice in Nigeria: Rank-ordering the Types, Agents and Sustaining Factors for a Successful Crackdown

Abstract

This study investigates the types, agents and factors sustaining examination malpractice in Nigeria. A random sample of 200 undergraduates of the University of Uyo, Nigeria who had taken WAEC/NECO Senior School Certificate Examination and the University Matriculation Examination (JAMB) with which they secured admission into the University was studied. The research instrument used was a questionnaire. Although ‘giraffing’ and carrying of prepared materials into the examination hall were the most common forms of examination malpractice, bribery (ranked 4.5) was the anchor. Students, peer group and parents were the worst malpractitioners in a decreasing order of culpability. Overvaluing of certificates and teachers’ ineffectiveness (including poor teaching method and failure to cover subject syllabuses) were the strongest causes of exam malpractice but poor remuneration of teachers was identified as the basic factor sustaining examination malpractice. A reasonable salary structure for teachers was, therefore, recommended.