Patterns of heart disease at El-Obeid teaching hospital, North Kordofan State, Sudan

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a group of heart diseases and vascular systems such as ischaemic heart disease (IHD),  hypertension, cerebrovascular disease (stroke), and congenital heart disease (CHD). The study aimed to examine the patterns of heart  disease at El-Obeid teaching hospital.

Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive hospital-based study of all patients  admitted to the cardiology department at the ElObeid teaching hospital from 2014 to 2017. The study covered all patients who had one or  more indications for admission and diagnosis. The study was carried out from June 2017 to January 2018. Data was collected from the hospital records and analyzed using the statistical package of social sciences (SPSS) version (16.0) and Microsoft Excel (2010) software.  

Results: The total admissions from 2014 to 2017 were 779. There were 315 (40.4%) males and 464 (59.9%) females. The male to female  ratio was 0.7:1. Females seriously suffered from Rheumatic heart disease (RHD), hypertensive heart disease (HHD), and atrial fibrillation  (AF), which accounts for 10.6%, 7.3%, and 4.9% respectively. Males were more likely to suffer from congestive cardiac failure (CCF),  myocardial infarction, dilated cardiomyopathies (DCM), and cardiogenic stroke; 17.5%, 17.8%, 12.1%, and 5.4% respectively. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) was predominant among females with 59.9%. CVD reached its peak of 36.8% in the 45-65 years group,  35.2% in the 25 – 45 years group, and followed 15.5% by the 5 – 25 years group. The findings have shown that patients had CCF by 16.7%,  myocardial infarction 13.1%, RHD 9.8%, DCM 9.1%, IHD 7.1%, and HHD 5.4%. There was more than a third 35.2% of patients who fell into  the group aged between 25 – 45; whereas patients who autumn into the age range bracket, 45 – 65 represented 36.8% of patients. The  mortality rate in the hospital was at 9.1%, whereas CCF was responsible for almost a quarter of in-hospital death.

Conclusion: There is a  need for early detection and treatment of CVD by identifying markers for early diseases in order to be able to provide good health care  and decrease morbidity and mortality rates.