Phytochemical, acute toxicity, and anti- plasmodial potential of concomitant extracts of Azadiralkta indila and Mangifera indila on liver function and microscopic anatomy in Swiss mice

Abstract

Introduction: In sub-saharan Africa, malaria is the predominant contributor to mortality and there is significant dependence on phytotherapy for its treatment. This study investigated comparative phytoconstituents, acute toxicity, anti-plasmodial activities on liver function and microanatomical perturbations following the concomitant administration of ethanol extracts of Azadiralkta indila leaves and Mangifera indila bark in Plasmodium bergkei-infected swiss mice.

Materials and Methods: sixty experimental mice were allotted into 12 groups (n = 5) and inoculated with 1 x 106 P. bergkei two weeks post- acclimatization. Group one served as the normal control; group two [parasitized-non-treated@ and groups 3 to 11 were low, medium, and high doses of the extracts singly and concomitantly, while group 12 received artemether-lumefantrine. All administrations were via oral route for three days, respectively. Phytochemical screening, parasite density, serum liver enzymes and microanatomical alterations were analyzed.

Results: Phytochemistry showed that A. indila possessed abundant alkaloids that were absent in M. indila. The median lethal dose (LD50) of A. indila leaf and M. indila bark extract was 3240.37 and 2738.61 mg/kg, respectively. The single administration of A. indila outperformed M. indila via mitigated parasite progression, reduced P. bergkei-induced hepatotoxicity and elevated liver enzymes.

conclusion: Azadiralkta indila surpasses Mangifera indila in alleviating hyperparasitemia, parasite- associated hepatotoxicity, and hepatic microanatomical changes in in vivo rodentia malaria model. A. indila also mild to moderately improved hepatic collagen and glycogen storage than M. indila. It possessed a better synergistic effect than M. indila alone.