Distribution and frequency of blood groups and haemoglobin genotype pattern among blood donors in a tertiary hospital in southern Nigeria

Abstract

Introduction: The ABO is a blood group system that is responsible for most blood transfusion reactions, transplant rejections and determining some forensic cases. The ABO and Rh blood group systems have been shown to show variations in different parts of the world and race. Haemoglobin is an intracellular protein found in red blood cells. Qualitative and quantitative abnormalities in this protein manifest as haemoglobinopathy.
The study is to show the frequency and distribution of ABO, Rh blood groups and haemoglobin phenotype of eligible blood donors in Delta state University Teaching Hospital (DELSUTH), Nigeria

Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of all blood donors attending the blood bank in DELSUTH from November 2022 to April 2003. Consecutive sampling technique was used and samples for blood group and haemoglobin genotype was collected from eligible donors. Data from the blood ban analysed using SPSS version 23.

Results: A total of 95 donors were involved in the study. Analysis of the ABO blood group showed that the frequency blood group O,A,B and AB, were 83.2%,7.4%,7.4% and 2.2% respectively. RhD positive donors accounted for 93.7% of donors and RhD negative were 6.3%. 83.2% of donors had genotype AA while16.8% were genotype AS.

Conclusion: Blood group O and RhD positive were the commonest blood group while genotype AA was the commonest genotype among blood donors in the facility.