Prevalence of abnormal umbilical arterial Doppler indices in apparently normal pregnancies in Calabar

Abstract

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) may occur in the presence of normal fetal growth parameters, with resultant unanticipated perinatal morbidity and mortality. Umbilical arterial Doppler evaluation determines the fetuses susceptible to compromise by detecting IUGR early enough for successful intervention measures to be implemented. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of abnormal umbilical arterial Doppler indices (UADI) in apparently normal pregnancies and to assess its correlation with amniotic fluid index (AFI). In this prospective cross-sectional study, obstetric sonographic examination and UADI evaluation were done on 310 apparently normal pregnant women between 26 to 40 weeks within a 6-months period. Abnormal UADI had a prevalence of 10.3%. Educational level (P = 0.000) and employment status (P = 0.000) were significantly associated with abnormal UADI. Abnormal umbilical arterial resistivity index (RI) had a significant correlation with EFW (P = 0.000) and HC/AC (P = 0.000) but no significant relationship with AFI (P = 0.593). The prevalence of abnormal umbilical arterial Doppler indices was high in apparently normal pregnancies mostly among women with low socio-economic status, with no demonstrable association with AFI.