Correlation of biological cervical cancer with its demographic and obstetric parameters in Ain Defla region, Algeria

Abstract

This study aims to determine the prevalence of cervical dysplasia and its relationship to biological and demographic characteristics. A transversal observational study is based on 236 conventional smears collected in Algeria. A Pap smear was taken, fixed and then stained using Papanicolaou staining. The interpretation of the results was done using the Bethesda 2014 system. Some of the patients with abnormal smears had colposcopy and, if necessary, a biopsy. Other patients with low-grade lesions were recommended to have their smears resumed 6 months or 1 year later. Cytological analysis was performed for 236 patients. Among those, 94 patients had abnormal smears, 45 cases with ASCUS (19.06 %), LSIL was reported in 36 cases (15.25%), AGC was observed in 6 cases (2.54 %), HSIL in 4 cases (1.69 %), only 1(0.42 %) case observed in SCC and 2 cases in ADK (0.84 %). Also, 34 low-grade patients underwent cytological examination 6 months to 1 year later to determine the persistence, regression or progression of low-grade dysplasia. During follow-up, persistence was observed in 35.29% (n= 12) of cases, progression to high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) was detected in 5.88% (n= 2), while 52.88% (n= 20) of the patients experienced regression. Moreover, the frequency of Pap smear positivity correlated with the duration of OC use, the duration of marriage and parity. In this study, the prevalence of abnormal smear was 39.84 % for cytology. The colposcopy and histology confirmed just 3.33%. Meanwhile, these results highlight the importance of early screening of this pathology.