Prevalence of depression and its associated factors among patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus at the Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya

Abstract

Background: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of various organs. Neuropsychiatric manifestations such as symptoms of depression may precede SLE, occur concomitantly, or follow its diagnosis. Depression often exacerbates the morbidity of SLE in these patients and lowers their quality of life. Depression is not routinely evaluated in patients with SLE in Kenya, which can lead to a reduction in its treatment and potentially worsen the morbidity of the disease.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the burden and determinants of depression in patients with SLE in Kenya.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the rheumatology clinic in the Kenyatta National Hospital from November 2022 to January 2023. Depression was evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire 9. Data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Version 25. The prevalence of depression was determined by calculating the proportion of participants who reported depression, and the association between depression and sociodemographic variables was assessed using the Chi-square test at a 95% confidence level. A probability value of <0.05 was considered significant.

Results: Fifty-five SLE patients were recruited in the study. Depression symptoms were reported among 24/55 (43.6%) of patients.

Conclusion: A high prevalence of depression was noted in patients with SLE. The afflicted had significant role limitations due to emotional problems, poor physical functioning, and poor health change. This study highlights the importance of evaluating and addressing depression in patients with SLE.