Prevalence, burden and determinants of low back pain: a survey of medical specialization trainees in Cameroon, sub- Saharan Africa

Abstract

Background: Trainees in medical specialization are a vulnerable group for Low Back Pain (LBP). However, studies on this subject in sub-Saharan Africa are scarce.
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiological burden of low back pain in Cameroonian trainees in medical specialization.
Methods: From August 1st to 24th, 2023, we conducted a cross-sectional study in medical specializing trainees in Cameroon, using a self-administered online questionnaire. Factors associated with LBP are presented with the odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval.
Results: Three hundred and six participants (55.6% females, aged 31.14 (2.96) years) filled the questionnaire. LBP affected 110 (35.9%) and 218 (71.2%) respectively before and after the beginning of the specialization. Six (2.7%) were severe cases, and 53 (24.3%) reported adverse outcome on their training. The main determinants of LBP directly related the specialization as reported by trainees were insufficient ergonomic measures (103; 47.2%), prolonged standing (137; 62.8%) and heavy workload (69; 31.6%). In statistical analysis, we found a significant association with female gender (OR: 1.89 [1.14; 3.12]), history of low back pain prior to specialization (OR: 15.42 [6.02; 39.52]), and BMI ≥30kg/m² (OR: 3.48 [1.19; 10.17]).
Conclusion: The trend in prevalence of low back pain is considerable with specialization in Cameroon. The authorities responsible for medical specialization schools are urged to implement preventive measures to tackle this potentially detrimental burden for their trainees.