A dual diagnosis of skeletal tuberculosis and sarcoidosis: Case report

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is a common granulomatous infection in South Africa. The prevalence of TB and the extent of multi-system involvement have escalated since the advent of the HIV pandemic in the 1980’s. The combination of TB and sarcoidosis is an uncommon concomitant diagnosis but has been described in the literature in multiple different contexts. We report the first known case of multisystem tuberculosis and sarcoidosis with multifocal skeletal lesions in a patient with complicated diabetes mellitus. We anticipate increasing the index of suspicion among clinicians of such a potential combination, especially in a population with impaired immunity such as in individuals with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus.