Glucocorticoid use in rheumatology: A review

Abstract

Background: Glucocorticoids play a pivotal role in the management of many rheumatologic diseases. However, glucocorticoid usage is associated with numerous adverse effects that involves almost all the major organ systems in the body. Hence, there is a need to balance the benefits and risks of glucocorticoids. There is also ongoing research for newer drugs with glucocorticoids actions with no or minimal adverse effects.
Objective: The aim of this literature review is to address the mechanism of action, pattern of use of glucocorticoids in various inflammatory arthritis and the adverse effects of glucocorticoids.
Data source: The literature review uses medical science based literature published locally and internationally on use of glucocorticoids in rheumatological diseases. 
Conclusion: Glucocorticoids are very effective in the management of rheumatologic diseases. However, their use is curbed by the occurrence of adverse effects. These adverse effects can be abated if glucocorticoids are used prudently. There is no absolutely safe dose of glucocorticoids, only relatively safer doses. The clinical use of newer glucocorticoid drugs with no adverse effects will not occur in the near future.

Key words: Glucocorticoids, Rheumatology, Mechanism of action, Adverse effects, Pattern of glucocorticoid use, New glucocorticoid formulations