Renal cell carcinoma in children and adolescence: Our experience

Abstract

Background: Literature on renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in children is lacking. Occasional case report has been mentioned. Aims and objective of our study are to evaluate the clinical presentation and outcome in children with RCC.

Patients and Methods: Records of 11 children and adolescence, from  January 2007 to June 2011, who were treated for RCC were retrospectively analysed. Age, clinical presentation, any paraneoplastic symptom or sign, haematological, bio-chemical investigations, radiological imaging’s, operative details, pathological reports and treatment details were taken  from hospital records and results were analysed. All patients were  followed-up with complete haemogram, biochemical investigations, ultrasonography - whole abdomen and chest X-ray at 6 months interval  and patients with stages 2 and 3 were also followed-up with contrast  enhanced computed tomography - whole abdomen. They were followed-up for 2-5 years.

Results: All had undergone open radical nephrectomy with eight hilar  lymph node dissection and three formal lymphadenectomy. None had received adjuvant therapy. Four patients with stage 1 were well at 5, 4, 2.5 and 2 years. One patient with stage 1 was lost to follow-up. Three patients with stage 2 were well at 4, 3 and 2 years of follow-up while three with stage 3 were well at 5, 4 and 2 years of follow-up.

Conclusions: Lymph node dissection not only improves the survival, but it guides one the exact pathological staging and one can adopt the more aggressive follow-up in advanced pathological staging and strict follow-up is mandatory.

Key words: Childhood, lymphadenectomy, radical nephrectomy, renal cell carcinoma