Etiology and outcome of chronic kidney disease in Sudanese children in Soba University Hospital

Abstract

Background: Establishment of tertiary pediatric nephrology facilities has  increased the  referrals of children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We report the  etiology and outcomes over 10 years, during which period the improving  pediatrics renal services has allowed increasing provision of adequate dialysis and transplantation.

Method: Descriptive a retrospective hospital based study of children with CKD presenting between December 2006- January 2016

Result: The records of 360 children (218 male 61.%) who were referred to a tertiary pediatrics nephrology unit in Khartoum between  December 2006- January 2016 were reviewed. The mean age at the time of diagnosis with CKD was 10years (range 0.02 -18 years). The etiology was glomerulopathy in 99 patients(27.5%)  congenital urological malformations in 74patients (20.8%), urolithiasis in 28patients (7.7%), hereditary nephropathy in 40patients (11.3%), multisystem diseases in 18patients (5%) miscellaneous in patients (2.5%) and cause unknown in 92 (23.5%). Of the 360children, 182 (50.6%) had reached end-stage renal failure, with chronic haemodialysis being undertaken in 59patients, peritoneal dialysis in 22 patients, 36 patients received transplants, conservative treatment for 204patients ,  31patients (8.6%) had  been lost to follow up and 8 patients  had died.

Conclusion: Our data reflect the geographical variations in the etiology of CKD, which may be due to the present pattern of referral. About 50% of the Sudanese children with CKD present late  with ESRF .. The establishment of the comprehensive diagnostic, a treatment facilities in our centre since 2005 and educating pediatricians country wide has led to better recognition, management and outcome of CKD.