Development of cardiometabolic risk factors among rural population of Lephalale, South Africa: A systematic review on Elliras longitudinal study

Abstract

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) have been a growing concern globally, with their prevalence escalating at an alarming rate. While many studies have been conducted on NCDs in Africa, very few have investigated the longitudinal development of cardio-metabolic risk factors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to review the literature on studies which investigated the emergence of cardiometabolic risk factors among rural South African population. Literature search was done for papers published between 1996−2017, which investigated the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for NCDs. In all, 39 eligible studies were included. Their findings revealed that between 1996−2005, the prevalence of overweight, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was low among the rural South African population, with rates ranging between 3.2−12.2% for hypertension. Furthermore, physical activity and fitness prevalence were much lower among boys and girls in the same period. Between 2006−2017, the prevalence of obesity was high, particularly amongst females. The prevalence of diabetes and hypertension increased over the study period in rural South African population. Overall, the findings highlight the emergence and prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors in the rural population.