Evaluation of Counterfeit Antimalarial Drug Awareness and Knowledge Among Pharmacy Attendants in Nairobi County, Kenya

Abstract

Malaria presents a significant health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa, leading to an increased demand for antimalarial drugs. However,  the global prevalence of counterfeit drugs, estimated at 10%, jeopardizes treatment efficacy, resulting in an annual economic loss of $75  billion. In Kenya, the accessibility of antimalarials, particularly through pharmacies, exacerbates this issue. This study sought to address  knowledge gaps on counterfeit antimalarials among pharmacy attendants in Nairobi County. Utilizing a cross-sectional descriptive  survey, the research evaluated awareness levels of counterfeit antimalarial drugs among pharmacy attendants. The study involved five  subsections, focusing on pharmacy professionals engaged in antimalarial sales, with a sample size of 251 determined using Cochran’s  formula. Data collection methods included questionnaires, and observation checklist. Instrument validity was ensured through a pre-test  analysis, and reliability was assessed via training and a test-retest approach. Data analysis, performed using Microsoft Excel and SPSS,  incorporates ANOVA at a 95% significance level. Surveying 251 pharmacy attendants in Nairobi revealed a slightly higher distribution of  males (52.2%) than females (47.8%), primarily aged 18-24 (51%), holding TVET qualifications (60.2%), with an average work experience of four years (30.7%). Community pharmacies dominated (61.8%), and pharmaceutical technologists constitute the most prevalent  professionals (29.5%). Artemether-Lumefantrine is the preferred antimalarial (36.7%). Concerning awareness of counterfeit drugs, 39.8%  rely on the Pharmacy and Poisons Board, with 72.9% knowledgeable about counterfeit antimalarial effects. The study identifies  correlations between knowledge levels and the color and odor of antimalarial drugs. The regression model (R²=0.093, F (3, 247) =8.422,  p<0.001) signifies the predictive efficacy of drug characteristics on knowledge, with color and odor emerging as robust predictors.  Despite commendable knowledge, there exists a perception gap among pharmacy attendants regarding counterfeit antimalarial drug campaigns and awareness training. Addressing this gap is crucial to preventing an increased distribution of counterfeit drugs in the  sector.