Co-occurrence of atypical chronic myeloid leukemia and prostate cancer in a 75-years old male

Abstract

Atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML) is a rare form of myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative neoplasm. This report presents a case of aCML in a 75-year-old man, diagnosed based on cytologic evidence of neutrophilia, presence of neutrophil precursors, thrombocytopenia on complete blood count and microscopy, and granular hyperplasia and dysgranulopoiesis on myelogram. The patient was in good clinical condition with isolated splenomegaly. With hydroxyurea, the hyperleukocytosis was controlled, and the splenomegaly disappeared. The lymphadenopathy identified on a CT scan led to the diagnosis of prostate cancer, while the general health condition of the patient was impairing.