Pre-transfusion compatibility tests in Malagasy sickle cell patients

Abstract

Introduction: Blood transfusion is a key component of sickle cell disease management. However, iterative transfusions of labile blood products for sickle cell patients increase the risk of anti-erythrocyte alloimmunization. It is usual to perform pre-transfusion compatibility tests in order to check ABO compatibility and to detect the possible existence of irregular antibodies in patients against the donor's antigens.

Methods: This is a prospective and descriptive study dealing with pre-transfusion compatibility tests over a 3-month period, from September 2018 to November 2018, at the Regional Blood Transfusion Centre (CRTS) of Analamanga Region, the capital of Madagascar.

Results: We included 33 out of 113 patients during the study period. Compatibility test was positive in 21.21%, of all tested samples. Major and minor compatibility tests were positive alone respectively in 6.25% and 12.50%. And both were positive in 3.12%. The self-test was positive in 3.03% with a positive direct antiglobulin test. Positive compatibility tests were more frequent in patients who received more than two transfusions. Compatible blood bag for the patient was found after testing 2 donor pockets in 27.27% of cases, and after testing 3 pockets in 3.03%.

Conclusion: Pre-transfusion compatibility tests are essential and have to be performed systematically on each blood bag before any transfusion. They are used to identify the presence of alloantibodies and provide compatible blood products to patients.