Study of Hemoglobins C and S in Pregnant Women in the Eastern Health District of Abobo

Abstract

Introduction : Hemoglobinosis C and S are the most common structural abnormalities in West Africa. They worsen the overall health of carriers, particularly in pregnant women, leading to high-risk pregnancies and contributing to maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The objective of this study was to investigate hemoglobinopathies C and S in pregnant women.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from February to December 2022. It focused on pregnant women attending consultations at five health care facilities in the Abobo-East health district. Hemogram analysis was performed using the Sysmex XT 2000i, and hemoglobin electrophoresis at alkaline pH was conducted on the Helena system. Data were collected and analyzed using Microsoft Excel® 2016.

Results: Among the 500 selected patients, the mean age was 28 ± 6 years. 32.8% of women were anemic. 78.2% had normal hemoglobin, while 21.8% had hemoglobinopathies. Qualitative hemoglobinosis accounted for 21.2%, and suspected thalassemias were 0.6%. The prevalence of hemoglobin S and hemoglobin C was 15.2% and 6%, respectively. Healthy AS and AC carriers represented 20% of the study population.

Conclusion: The results of this study show a high prevalence of hemoglobinopathies C and S in community settings. A mandatory national strategy for the screening and management of hemoglobinosis in maternity wards throughout the country would be desirable.