Association of blood type and mortality of COVID-19: a hospital-based study in national referral hospital, Indonesia.

Abstract

Background: The ABO blood type is crucial in a number of illnesses, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and some communicable and non-communicable illnesses. However, there is currently little clear evidence between COVID-19 with ABO blood types.
This study was, therefore, aimed to assess the association between ABO blood type and the mortality of patients infected with COVID-19 in a national referral hospital in Indonesia.

Materials and Methods: This study used a retrospective cohort design. The research sample was COVID-19 patients who were in Dr. M. Djamil Hospital Padang. The number of samples in this study was 93 subjects. The Chi-square test was used in the data analysis. The data were analyzed using the SPSS version 21.0 program, and p<0.05 was considered significant.

Results: The results of this study found the percentage of mortality of COVID-19 patients was higher for blood group O (46.2%), followed by AB (41.7%), B (26.3%), and A (13.9%). There was a relationship between blood type and mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients (p <0.05), where blood type O had the highest risk (OR = 5.31, 95% CI 1.57-17.98) followed by blood type AB (OR = 4.43, 95% CI 1.01-19.58).

Conclusion: This study confirmed there was a relationship between blood type and mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, where blood type O had the highest risk followed by blood type AB.