Obstetrics outcomes among women with incomplete antenatal care visits at Homa Bay Teaching and Referral Hospital, Kenya

Abstract

Background : Perinatal morbidity and mortality present significant challenges in Kenya, particularly in regions with high rates of such adverse outcomes, including Homa Bay County. Universal health coverage and antenatal care (ANC) services play pivotal roles in improving obstetric outcomes, yet ANC uptake remains low in these areas. This study aimed to investigate the impact of incomplete ANC visits on obstetric outcomes among pregnant women at Homa Bay Teaching and Referral Hospital (HBTRH).

Materials and Methods : From October 5 to November 13, 2020,  we conducted an observational prospective study in the hospital's maternity unit. A random sample of 168 pregnant women in labour was selected. We closely monitored their deliveries, recording data on delivery mode, gestational age, birth weight, birth outcomes, APGAR scores, Neonatal Care Unit (NBU) admissions, and congenital defects. Additionally, we reviewed each mother's ANC visitation history.

Results : There were positive correlations between the frequency of ANC visits and key obstetric indicators, including higher birth weight, longer gestational age, a greater likelihood of vaginal delivery, and improved APGAR scores. Furthermore, increased ANC visits were associated with a reduced incidence of congenital defects and NBU admissions. These findings align with existing research conducted in similar healthcare settings.

Conclusion : A statistically significant positive correlation was noted between ANC visits and Apgar scores. The findings thus suggest other influential determinants of the obstetric outcome at HBTRH exist hence future studies should focus on determining key influencers of obstetric outcomes in the facility.