Impact of water sources on Schistosomiasis transmission and urine indicators

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Schistosomiasis is a significant debilitating disease caused by Schistosoma species. Infection is acquired when people come into contact with fresh water infested with the larval forms (cercariae) of parasitic blood flukes, known as schistosomes. The study aimed to assess the impact of water sources on schistosomiasis transmission and potential urinary markers for diagnosis.
METHODOLOGY
In this cross-sectional study, a total of 230 pupils were examined. Stool and urine samples were collected from each of them. Stool samples were analysed using the Formal-ether concentration method, and urine samples using the centrifugation sedimentation method and reagent strip.
RESULTS
This study showed that out of 230 pupils examined, 7(3.0%) were infected with S. mansoni, and 4(1.7%) were infected with S. haematobium. Prevalence of Schistosomiasis according to a source of water contact; revealed a significant difference in infection level based on the source of drinking water at (P<0.05). Those whose source was Dam/River had the highest prevalence, 4(25.0%), followed by stream water 4(10.0%), and the least was well water 2(3.30%). The ability of microhaematuria and proteinuria to accurately identify all those with the disease (sensitivity) was 25.0% and 75.0%, respectively. In comparison, the ability to sort out all those without the disease (specificity) was 97.35% and 96.46%, respectively.
CONCLUSION
The presence of Schistosomiasis among school children is linked to the water sources. Hence, water treatment intervention must reduce the risk of Schistosomiasis among pupils in Kisayhip, Bassa Local Government Area, Plateau State.