Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Acinetobacter Species Isolated in Clinical Specimens from the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria

Abstract

Introduction: Acinetobacter has emerged as important pathogen in hospital associated infections (HAI) with increasing antimicrobial resistance ability, morbidity and mortality. Because the antibiotic susceptibility of Acinetobacter species differs significantly among countries and even units of same hospital, local surveillance for resistance pattern is important. We determined the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of clinical isolates of Acinetobacter species.
Materials and Methods: Acinetobacter isolates from different clinical specimens between January and December 2016 were identified using Microbact 20E and subjected to antibiotic susceptibility using disc diffusion method. The level of drug resistance was categorised accordingly.
Results: Thirty-seven isolates among infected patients with mean age 35.63 years ± 22.78, male: female 1.5:1. Acinetobacter baumannii caused 26 (70.3%) of the infections, especially among surgical patients. Fifteen (40.5%) from blood and nine (24.3%) from wound biopsy (swab). Susceptibility of A. baumannii to Meropenem and Levofloxacin was 61.5%, and 69.2% respectively but the susceptibility of Acinetobacter haemolyticus and Acinetobacter iwoffii was 100% to Ampicillinsulbactam, Quinolones, Meropenem, and Piperacillin/Tazobactam, and 88.9%-100.0% to Aminoglycosides. Ten (27.0%) and 5 (13.5%) A. baumanni identified as MDR and XDR respectively.
Conclusion: MDR and XDR Acinetobacter isolates are present in University College Hospital (UCH). Infection control practices should be strengthened to prevent further spread of resistant strains.

Keywords: Antimicrobial Resistance, Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns, Acinetobacter, MDR, XDR,