Antimalarial activity and toxicity evaluation of Kenyan Hugonia castaneifolia Engl. Teclea nobilis Del. and Turraea mombassana C.DC

Abstract

The aqueous and methanol extracts of three medicinal plants, Hugonia castaneifolia, Teclea nobilis and Turrae mombassana were evaluated for in vitro antiplasmodial activity against a chloroquine sensitive Plasmodium falciparum strain (D6) and in vivo, against a P. berghei ANKA strain in mice. The extracts were also assessed for cytotoxicity in Vero cell lines and acute toxicity in mice. The water extracts were moderately active with IC₅₀ of 33.07 3g/ml for T. mombassana and 23.92 3g/ml for H. castaneifolia while the methanol extracts of T. mombassana, H. castaneifolia and T. nobilis were highly active in vitro with IC₅₀ of 6.1 3g/ml, 8.86 3g/ml and 8.61 3g/ml respectively. The methanol extract of T. mombassana had the highest chemosupppression followed by the methanol extract of H. castaneifolia in vivo. Aqueous extract of H. casteinofolia was weakly cytotoxic against Vero cells CC50 =22.00 3g/ml. No toxic effect or mortality was observed in mice treated orally with any of the extracts at the highest concentration of 5000mg/kg. These results demonstrate antimalarial potential and safety of the three medicinal plants tested, which are used traditionally for the treatment of malaria in Kenya.

Keywords: Antiplasmodial; Malaria; Toxicity; Meliaceae; Rutaceae; Linaceae