Effects of fresh shoot biomass of siam weed Chromolaena odorata (L.) King and H. Robinson on the germination and growth of Okra Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench

Abstract

This study was carried out in the Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Federal University Oye Ekiti, Ekiti State. Investigation was carried  out on the effects of Fresh Shoot Biomass of Chromolaena odorata on okra Abelmoschus esculentus. For the laboratory experiment, about 5g, 10g,  15g and 20g each of Chromolaena odorata was weighed into plastic bottles each containing 250ml of distilled water for 24 hours. Two millilitres of  the leachate was used to water the seeds of okra that was placed in Petri dishes. Each treatment had five replicates that contained four seeds of  okra (Abelmoschus esculentus). For the screening experiment, loamy top soil, fresh shoot, stems and leaves of Chromolaena odorata were collected  within Federal University Oye Ekiti environment and crushed into smaller bits using mortar and pestle. Three seeds, each of okra that was planted in  all the pots. The growth variables considered include radicle length, plumule length, number of roots, for the green house experiment the plant  height, leaf area, stem girth, and pod weight were also observed. The leachate of Chromolaena odorata resulted to a reduction in radicle length,  plumule length and number of roots. The radicle length of okra treated with leachates of 15g/250ml were adversely affected, while the plumule  length of 5g/250ml, 15g/250ml and 20g/250ml greatly decreased compared to the control. The highest decrease in number of roots was noticed in  the 15g/250ml concentration. The control plant had the highest plant height increased in a concentration dependent manner with exception of  those treated with 200g, the leaf area of the control plant was observed to be lower than all the treatment plants, but it increased in a concentration  dependent manner. Also, there was a concentration dependent increase in the steam girth of A. esculentus. The pod weight of the  treated plants were lower than the control. The plant treated with 50g highest moisture content, the fat content was higher in the control and plant  treated with 50g than the other treated plant. The protein content of the treatment plants was observed to be significantly higher when compared  to the control plant. Crude fiber content of the treatment plant was significantly higher than the treatment plants. The ash content of the control  was significantly lower than the treated plants, the carbohydrate content of the control plant increased significantly compared to the treatment  plant with the lowest at 150g treated plant. The study concluded that the leachate and FSB affected the seed germination, growth and the food  content of Abelmoschus esculentus.