Analyze Climatic and Edaphic Factors for Ethiopia Cotton Production and Quality

Abstract

Cotton is crucial to Ethiopia's economy, providing livelihoods through production, processing, and trade, impacting millions nationwide. The demand for cotton is projected to rise significantly due to expanding spinning mills and textile industry parks. However, Ethiopia continues to import cotton due to insufficient domestic production and quality issues. Factors such as soil
fertility, type, temperature, and rainfall are pivotal in determining cotton production and quality, akin to other agricultural crops. Understanding these climatic and demographic variables is essential for identifying optimal locations for cotton cultivation. This study delves into how Ethiopia's climatic and soil conditions affect cotton quality and yield. The research underscores climate
change's profound impact on cotton output. Lower temperatures during germination phases reduce productivity, while adequate rainfall is critical for growth and flower maturation. Conversely, excessive rainfall during fiber maturation and harvest diminishes productivity and quality. Elevated temperatures during the seedling, growth, and blooming phases benefit cotton production when accompanied by sufficient rainfall. Conversely, high evaporation rates, elevated temperatures, low humidity, and minimal rainfall negatively correlate with cotton flower and boll production, possibly due to water stress induced by evaporation. In conclusion, selecting suitable areas for cotton cultivation in Ethiopia requires a thorough understanding of how climatic and soil conditions influence productivity. The findings from this research can empower farmers to make informed decisions about cotton farming practices, potentially leading to improved production outcomes and sustainability. Addressing these challenges and leveraging favorable climatic conditions could reduce Ethiopia's reliance on cotton imports, bolstering the local cotton industry and benefiting both the economy and livelihoods. Continued research and targeted agricultural strategies are essential for navigating climate variability complexities and optimizing cotton cultivation practices in Ethiopia.