Family background and socio-demographic correlates of cannabis use: A cross-sectional survey of University students in Botswana

Abstract

Globally, cannabis use is widespread, especially among young adults. Because it is linked to current and future health problems, cannabis use is a public health concern. Yet, little is known about the background of users. This study aims to assess familial and sociodemographic correlates of cannabis use in young adults. A cross-sectional survey of 371 students (mean age=21.8; ±1.76; 18-25; 56% female) was conducted at a university in
Botswana. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, cannabis use, familial characteristics (drug and substance use and mental health problems) and norms were collected using selfreport measures. Descriptive statistics, t-tests and regression analyses were performed to compute socio-demographic characteristics, sub-population differences, and the extent to which the different familial and socio-demographic correlates predicted  cannabis use. Past month, past year and lifetime prevalence of cannabis use were 13.8%, 20.4%, 32.6%, respectively. Male students significantly used more cannabis than their female peers. Similarly, cannabis use was significantly more prevalent and widespread among tobacco and alcohol users than nonusers and among participants and peers who approved of cannabis use. Gender, alcohol and cigarette smoking, personal and peer  approval, personal history of mental health problems, and sibling’s use of cannabis significantly and uniquely predicted cannabis use. Cannabis use is widespread among young adults, especially among alcohol and cigarette smokers and in dysfunctional family contexts fraught with drug and substance abuse and mental health problems. The government and other stakeholders should prioritise a holistic public health approach that  targets vulnerable families and prevailing norms among young adults. Improvement in health services to meet education, screening and treatment needs is recommended.

Keywords: Cannabis use; young adults; familial factors; norms; Botswana