African Journal of Biomedical Research

Assessment Of Vitamin D Deficiency and Dyslipidemia in Obese Patients

Sat, 14 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: The three main methods of obtaining vitamin D are through diet, sun exposure, and supplements. The most common type is formed by the skin after exposure to UVB rays. Vitamin D is thought to work more like a prohormone or multifunctional hormone. Calcitriol enters the enterocyte by the genomic route and binds to VDR. This generates a complex that attaches to particular DNA sequences in target genes known as vitamin D responsive elements (VDREs) and forms a heterodimer with the nuclear receptor known as retinoid X receptor (RXR), which is activated by retinoic acid. One alternative pathway for vitamin D activation, at least in keratinocytes, has been identified as the 20-hydroxylation of vitamin D, which is catalyzed by the side-chain cleavage enzyme CYP11A1, which is required for steroidogenesis.

Martial and Methods: Between December 2022 and May 2023, the following groups were studied. control group conducted among the obese population (100) participants, 50% of them were set as case group contained obese, and 50% were healthy subjects set as a control group, they were attended to patient Baghdad Medical City Teaching Hospital / Department of Medicine Both groups gave permission for enrolling in the study, which pre-approved by the ethical committee of1Clinical Communicable Diseases Research Unit /College of Medicine/University of Baghdad. Fasting blood samples withdrawn from each participant in a plane container in order to form serum, this collected later and preserved at -20 Co for later analysis process which conducted at bioMerieux-USA. Body mass index (BMI) calculated from weight and height of subjects, analytical parameters, vitamin D was assessed by VIDAS device depend on techniques of enzyme-linked fluorescence assay (ELFA) technique, while lipid profile was measured by means of Mindray.

Results: In this work we collected, one hundred (100) patients, included 67 % females and 33% male follow up their mean ± SD of age (44.18±18.34) years and body mass index 33.87+3.93 kg/m2 (figure 1). and 33% male follow up their mean ± SD of age (44.18±18.34) years and body mass index 33.87+3.93 kg/m2 (Figure 1).

Conclusion: On the basis of our results, we can conclude that ow vitamin D level was found among obese people even though they were under treatment for dyslipidemia. suggested that vitamin D status should be checked regularly and supplementary doses should be administered in order to diminish harm that obese subjects could be subjected to in the current situation or in the in the coming future.

Transformer-Based Neural Architectures ForAutomated Cancer Classification In Histopathology Images

Lalitha Bhavani Konkyana, J Rajanikanth, K Chandra Bhushana Rao, B Ramesh Naidu — Fri, 13 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Timely identification of metastatic cancer via accurate image classification is essential for enhancing patient outcomes. This research introduces a deep learning method for automated tumor identification through Transformer-Based Neural Architectures applied to histopathological images. Our model underwent training using a dataset composed of 96x96 pixel microscopic images and demonstrated remarkable performance, attaining a training accuracy of 93.9% and a validation accuracy of 93.1%. The model showed excellent effectiveness in differentiating "no tumor tissue" from "tumor tissue," reaching an ROC-AUC score of 0.9799. These findings indicate that our method is very proficient at correctly identifying tumor areas, paving the path for better diagnostic instruments in medical image analysis.

Schiff Base Metal Chloride Complexes of Dapsone and Pyridine-2-Carboxaldehyde Their Synthesis, Characterization And Antifungal Properties

Monika, Arpna, Pallavi Bhardwaj — Thu, 12 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Schiff bases have been the subject of much research due to their important bioactivities, active azomethine (-N=CH-) pharmacophore, is structurally similar to naturally occurring biological compounds, have selectivity, sensitivity and synthetic flexibility to the central metal atom [1-2].

In present paper we will synthesize Schiff base by condensing Dapsone with Pyridine -2-carboxaldehyde. Then Schiff base formed was complexed with metal ions. IR, elemental analysis, UV, M.P were used to analyse the complexes. Then evaluate their biological properties. Biological properties of metal complexes were greater than that of Dapsone and Schiff base of Dapsone with Pyridine-2-carboxaldehye.

A Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis Of Mobile Health (M-Health) Research

Priyadarsini.P. G, Dr.K. Poorna — Wed, 18 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The term m-health has been flourishing in the field of health after the growth of mobile phone usage. The increase in phone and internet usage led us to the gateway of various opportunities including m-health applications. These applications help mankind who are unable to access quality healthcare services. These technologies aid the government in transforming their country's healthcare opportunities it also helps the individuals as well in maintaining and monitoring their health data. This article picturizes the area of m-health using the bibliometric data available in the Scopus database as it is trustworthy. Using this as the base, we examined authors' keywords, citations, annual scientific production, Bradford's law, countries coupling, and more using RStudio’s biblioshiny software. This analysis revealed that there is a huge growth in various fields such as mobile health, m-health, telemedicine, digital health, and smartphone applications. Furthermore, emerging trends such as mobile health units, behavioral health, and physiotherapy can be concentrated in the future. This study provides valuable insights to researchers and practitioners in the field of healthcare.

Enhanced CT Cancer Image Segmentation Using 2D-STAMF And 2D ACBHI Algorithms with Heuristic Hybrid Fuzzy C-Means Clustering

Koguru Bhargavi, T. Sreenivasulu Reddy — Tue, 17 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

In the recent past, the advancement of medical imaging techniques has underscored the critical need for robust image preprocessing and segmentation algorithms to enhance diagnostic accuracy, particularly in CT cancer imaging. This study presents a comprehensive approach encompassing image restoration and enhancement, followed by precise segmentation using advanced clustering techniques. For image restoration, we introduce the 2D Spatial Temporal Adaptive Median Filter (2D-STAMF), which effectively reduces noise while preserving essential image details. This method is benchmarked against existing algorithms such as the 2D Adaptive Median Filter, 2D Gaussian Filter, and 2D Adaptive Spatial Filter, utilizing metrics including Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), Mean Squared Error (MSE), and Entropy for comparative analysis. In the image enhancement phase, the proposed 2D Adaptive Contrast Brightness Histogram Improvement (2D ACBHI) algorithm is employed, enhancing image contrast and brightness more effectively than Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE), 2D Adaptive Mean Adjustment, and Edge Preservation CLAHE, as evaluated by Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) and Absolute Mean Brightness Error. Subsequently, for CT cancer image segmentation, we develop the Heuristic Hybrid Fuzzy C-Means Clustering (HHFCM) combined with Adaptive Mean Thresholding (AMT), termed as HHFCM-AMT. This segmentation approach is compared against K-Means Clustering, Fuzzy C-Means Clustering, and Fast FCM, using parameters such as Gradient Clusters, K values, and Intensity Pixels. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed methodologies significantly outperform existing techniques, achieving higher accuracy and reliability in CT cancer image segmentation, thereby validating the efficacy of the integrated preprocessing and segmentation framework.

Systematic Mapping Review on Mobile Apps Integration in Physical Education: Implications for Health, Training, And Teacher Support

Syed Mohd Najib Syed Yahya, Khairul Azhar Jamaludin, Nur Shakila Mazalan — Sat, 14 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

This systematic mapping review examines mobile application integration in physical education, assessing benefits, challenges, and the impact on health, training, and instructional support. Using PRISMA guidelines, the review analyzed 50 articles from the last six years. This review identifies four main categories of apps related to physical education: educational support in teaching and learning, wellness training, assessment and measurement, and classroom management and monitoring. Findings show that mobile apps significantly influence student health behaviors, teacher practices, and educational outcomes. However, challenges such as teacher resistance, limited digital skills, and practical barriers affect broader adoption. This review highlights the potential of mobile apps to improve health through physical education and enhance teacher effectiveness. It recommends further development of apps that prioritize health metrics and create accessible support systems for teachers, offering a sustainable approach to tech-enhanced physical education. The study provides insights into how technology intersects with health education, fostering discussion on innovative tools for better physical and educational outcomes.

Smart Healthcare: Cloud-IoT Solutions for Enhanced Patient Well-Being

Fri, 13 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

The healthcare industry is in the midst of a transformative shift, driven by the convergence of cloud computing and the Internet of Things (IoT). This revolution is fundamentally altering how healthcare is delivered, with a focus on enhancing patient care and well-being. Cloud computing has given healthcare institutions the ability to securely manage and analyze large volumes of patient data efficiently. Simultaneously, IoT, with its interconnected devices and sensors, has extended healthcare beyond traditional clinical settings, creating a constant flow of patient data. This synergy between cloud computing and IoT has paved the way for remote monitoring, personalized medicine, and predictive analytics, enabling proactive healthcare interventions. Furthermore, this technological revolution has bolstered healthcare accessibility, especially in remote or underserved areas, through telemedicine services powered by the cloud and IoT, enabling remote consultations, diagnostics, and even surgeries. Security and privacy concerns are paramount in healthcare. This paper explores the challenges and solutions related to securing patient data in the Cloud-IoT ecosystem. It also emphasizes the importance of regulatory compliance and robust data governance strategies to safeguard patient rights. In conclusion, the Cloud-IoT revolution in healthcare is not merely a technological advancement; it signifies a paradigm shift prioritizing patient care and well-being. This paper underscores the transformative potential of cloud computing and IoT in healthcare and emphasizes the need for ongoing innovation, collaboration, and responsible data management to ensure these advancements benefit patients and the healthcare industry as a whole.

Exploring The Potential Of Rasaushadhis In COVID-19 Management: A Single Case Study

Dr. Swatika Sharma, Dr. Vaishali Deshpande, Dr. Avinash Kande — Wed, 11 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Several million people were affected by Covid-19 pandemic globally with SARS-CoV-2 virus and its other variants subsequently. During the pandemic several people opted Traditional Indian /alternative systems including but not limited Ayurveda with timely guidelines for mild to moderate infection which could be dealt with Ayurveda management even under isolation. This not only helped in symptomatic relief but also prevented further prognosis. This article presents one such comprehensive case study involving a young female patient diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The case study provides an in-depth analysis of the patient's symptoms vis-à-vis treatment plan. This case presented several known symptoms Covid-19, upon which specific Ayurveda medicines including rasaushadhis were administered during the treatment course. As a result remarkable recovery within short time period was evidently observed and recorded symptomatically as well as through investigations done during and after treatment. Therefore it could be fairly concluded that Ayurveda treatments specifically rasaushadhis when given correctly can achieve desired therapeutic results even in complex viral infections like COVID-19.

Diabetes Awareness and Health Behaviours Among University Students and Staff

Wed, 18 Dec 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels, occurs due to either insufficient insulin production or ineffective utilization of insulin by the body. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) reports that approximately 463 million adults worldwide are affected by diabetes, a number expected to rise to 700 million by 2045. Despite its widespread impact, research on diabetes awareness at the university level is limited, with a notable absence of studies focused on university students and staff. The aim of our study was to assess the level of awareness about diabetes risk factors and health behaviours among the students and staff of GD Goenka University. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 710 participants, gathering data on their awareness, risk factors, and health behaviours related to diabetes. The results indicated varying levels of awareness between staff and students, with staff showing higher levels of knowledge. Key risk factors, including family history, high blood pressure, physical inactivity, and obesity, were more prevalent among staff members than students. Both groups displayed suboptimal adherence to a balanced diet, though physical activity levels were higher among staff. Significant associations were found between the type of participant (student or staff) and their awareness of diabetes, risk factors, and health behaviours. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to enhance diabetes awareness and encourage healthier behaviours within university communities. To address modifiable risk factors and reduce the diabetes burden in educational settings, collaboration between healthcare professionals, educators, and policymakers is essential.