Haematological changes accompanying prolonged ocula chloramphenicol administration in laboratory rabbits

Abstract

The toxic effect of ocular chloramphenicol on haematological  parameters was studied in laboratory rabbits; Oryctolagus cuniculus while the haemotoxic effect of oral chloramphenicol provided the basis for comparison. 20 adult male rabbits were randomly but equally divided into two main groups based on the route of administration of the drug (i.e ocular or oral). In each group of ten rabbits equal number of rabbits were randomly divided into test (n=5) and control (n=5) subgroups. Oral chloramphenicol was administered at a dosage of 500mg twice daily for 21 days. Drops of ocular chloramphenicol were administered on the
conjunctiva of the animals thrice daily over the same period of time. The control animals were administered with 0.9% physiological saline orally and distilled water administered ocularly. Ocular chloramphenicol produced no significant changes in the haematological parameters evaluated on the 11th and 22nd days. Conversely oral chloramphenicol was observed to significantly (P<0.05) reduced the mean total
erythrocyte count, PCV, mean corpuscular haemoglobin, and neutrophils progressively by the 11th and 22nd days. Ocular chloramphenicol was confirmed to have no dose-dependent haemotoxic effect however the possibility of idiosyncratic aplastic anaemia is highlighted in this study.