Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic considerations in personalized medicine: Optimizing drug therapy

Abstract

The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of a drug at a conventional dose (Group A) and at a patientcustomized dose (Group B) were evaluated in this research. For pharmacokinetics parameters evaluated, the plasma concentration at the highest level was identified using Cmax while the time taken to reach the highest level was captured under Tmax. The pharmacodynamic outcome was a variation in blood pressure. Due to the higher personalized dose in group B, both Cmax i.e., the maximum concentration reached during the study was significantly higher at 102.7 ± 8.9nbsp ng/ml in comparison to group A where the subject received a standard dose of 85.3 ± 10.5nbsp ng/ml (p = 0.014). Tmax was also shorter in Group B which received Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) (2.7 ± 0.4 h) compared to Group A which received a placebo (3.2 ± 0.5 h) (p=0.028). Mean AUC0-12 of total drug exposure over 12 hours was also significantly different between groups B and A (Group B, AUC0-12 1200 ± 140 ng h/mL and Group A, AUC0-12 950 ± 150 ng h/mL p<0.01). The reduction of blood pressure at 12hrs into the study was more significant in Group B than in Group A, the difference was statistically significant, with p-value= 0.008 for Group B as opposed to p-value= 0.152 for Group.