Effect of Aqueous Extract of Evolvulus alsinoides Linn. on Some Blood Parameters and the Histology of the Spleen in Rats

Abstract

Evolvulus alsinoides Linn. (family Convolvulaceae) is used in folkloric medicine as adaptogenic, antihypertensive,
antiphlogistic, antipyretic, antiseptic, aphrodisiac, and in the management of neurodegenerative disorders. The effect of the
aqueous extract was investigated on some blood parameters and spleen histology in rats. Fifty young adult male Wistar rats were
divided into five groups of ten rats each. Group I served as the control group; groups II and III and IV were administered with
150 mg/kg 250 mg/kg and 350 mg/kg respectively. Groups V animals were administered with 350 mg/kg each but allowed a
post recovery period of 14 days to observe for reversibility or delayed effect. The plant extract was administered by gavage for
28 days. Blood parameters were evaluated manually. The extract contained carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids,
saponins, tannins, and terpenoids. Sections from the spleen of rats administered with 350 mg/kg revealed prominent germinal
centers with expanded lymphoid cells. Significant increases in red blood cell (p<0.001) and white blood cell (p<0.001) counts
were observed. These suggest that the plant has haematinic and immunostimulatory effects. These are important properties that
can be of benefit medicinally. However, further research on the safety levels of oral consumption of Evolvulus alsinoides Linn.
is recommended.