Cytotoxic constituents of Clausena excavata

Abstract

Phytochemical investigation on leaves, stem bark and roots of Malaysian Clausena excavata has led to the isolation and identification of limonoid compounds, clausenolide-1-methyl ether (1) and clausenarin (2), carbazole alkaloids, 3-formyl-2,7-dimethoxycarbazole (3) and clausine-K (4) together with coumarins, xanthyletin (5), dentatin (6) and nordentatin (7). Extracts of roots and isolated compounds (1), (2), (5) and (6) were subjected to cytotoxic screening against various cancer cell lines (HL-60, MCF- 7, HeLa and HT-29). All roots extracts except methanol showed strong activity against HL-60 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 4 to 6 μg/ml. Dentatin (6) was found to be the most cytotoxic constituent against all cancer cell lines with IC₅₀ values ranging from 5 to 10 μg/ml.

Key words: Clausena excavata, carbazole alkaloids, limonoids, coumarins, cytotoxic.