Identification of Bactrocera invadens (Diptera: Tephritidae) from Burundi, based on morphological characteristics and DNA barcode

Abstract

Bactrocera (Bactrocera) invadens Drew (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a new species of fruit fly in 2005. It belongs to the Bactrocera dorsalis complex, but is difficult to diagnose based on solely morphological identification. It occurs in India, Bhutan and some countries of Africa. In this study, 14 adult samples of fruit flies were collected from Bujumbura and Cibitoke in Burundi District. Microscopic observations showed morphological character states that were congruent with the diagnosis of B. invadens. The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene sequence alignment demonstrated the similarity between specimens 1 and 2 and B. invadens is 99.47%, between specimen 3 and B. invadens 98.77%, between specimen 4 and B. invadens 99.82%, and between the other 10 specimens and B. invadens 100%. Therefore, all samples were identified as B. invadens based on morphological characteristics and DNA barcode of COI gene. This study represented the first report of B. invadens in the Burundi District.

Key words: Bactrocera (Bactrocera) invadens, identification, morphological characteristics, mtDNA COI gene, DNA barcode.