Genetic diversity on the tropical rare wood species of Dalbergia in Vietnam revealed by inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers

Abstract

Genetic diversities of three rare hardwood species of Dalbergia (D. assamica, D. nigrescens and D. tonkinensis) were evaluated for conservation based on inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. A total of 47 ISSR primers were used for the analysis, but only 31 ISSR primers were successfully amplified for 25 samples from each species. There were 166 fragments across the 75 samples produced, in which 153 were polymorphic with an average of 4.94 polymorphic fragments per primer. The number of amplified fragments ranged from 1 (ISSR13, ISSR54 and ISSR59) to 11 (ISSR14) and their size varied from 200 to 1700 bp. The similarity coefficient ranged from 67.0 to 98.9% in D. assamica; from 71.2 to 98.5% in D. nigrescens and from 68.5 to 95.2% in D. tonkinensis. The estimated value of molecular diversity parameters within species such as the effective number of alleles, Shannon's information index, intralocus gene diversity and Nei’s gene diversity were low among the individuals of the different Dalbergia species (1.227, 0.195, 0.662 and 0.146, respectively in D. assamica; 1.135, 0.111, 0.425 and 0.109, respectively in D. nigrescens; 1.198, 0.166, 0.526 and 0.123, respectively in D. tonkinensis). The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) of ISSR data indicated that the greater proportion of total genetic variation existed among species rather than within species. The correlation between genetic and geographic distance was also found in the three Dalbergia species.

Key words: Dalbergia, endemic species, genetic similarity, ISSR markers.