Physiological and behavioural responses of livestock to road transportation stress: A review

Abstract

Physiological and behavioural responses of livestock to road transportation stress are reviewed. Livestock transported by road in most part of the world are predisposed to many stressors which affect the haematological, hormonal function as well as the behavioural activities of the livestock thereby disrupting body homeostasis.

Key words: Road transportation, livestock, physiological parameters, behavioural activities.